Mongolia submitted its first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in September 2016. This INDC committed Mongolia to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 14% in 2030 compared to a baseline scenario (excluding GHG sources and sinks from forestry [LULUCF]) (Government of Mongolia, 2016). In October 2020, Mongolia submitted an update to its INDC, increasing Mongolia’s climate change mitigation ambition. In its updated NDC, Mongolia committed to reduce GHG emissions by 22.7% in 2030 compared to an updated baseline scenario (note: the baseline scenario was also updated from the September 2015 submission) (Government of Mongolia, 2020a). The next NDC updates should be communicated by 2025 and every five years thereafter. Over the next four years, there is a substantial opportunity for Mongolia to undertake activities that can contribute to an ambitious, enhanced NDC submission in 2025.
This document provides recommendations and guidance on how Mongolia could update its NDC in 2025 with greater robustness, expanded scope, and higher ambition compared to the 2020 NDC submission. Specifically, the document shows how Mongolia could update its NDC through three types of enhancement:

• Expand the GHGs included in the NDC document. Specifically, this report outlines how hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), commonly used as alternatives to ozone-depleting substances (and a subsector within the Industrial Processes and Product Use [IPPU] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] source sector), can be incorporated into the GHG reduction target.
• Update data and include long-term 2050 scenarios for low emissions development in Mongolia.
• Include short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), air pollutants, and associated health benefits in the NDC.